By Tamia Nuna
By 2050, the global urban population is projected to rise to 57% from 47% in 2000, with 90% of this growth occurring in developing country cities. However, this rapid urbanization often leads to the proliferation of slums, economic inequality, and increased poverty, highlighting a failure to achieve inclusive growth. For instance, in 2023, Nairobi exhibited a Gini coefficient of 40.9%, signaling a significant wealth gap within the city.
One distinct evidence of inequality is in the health sector, particularly in slum settlements where healthcare services are markedly substandard compared to other urban areas. Moreover, inadequate access to water and sanitation increases health risks for individuals residing in low-income settlements.
The Sexual and Reproductive Health risks faced by urban populations include high rates of unwanted pregnancies, HIV prevalence, poor maternal and child health outcomes, sexually transmitted infections, and gender-based violence (GBV). Adolescents, in particular, face challenges accessing SRHR services due to marginalization and concentrated poverty. Even in areas where health facilities are available, the urban poor may lack the financial means to cover their healthcare expenses. Poor political will also leads to neglect of these facilities.
In conclusion, concerted efforts among stakeholders are important to ensure equitable access to necessary health services for urban populations. Local government officials, community leaders, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and healthcare providers could form a collaborative coalition to identify gaps in SRHR in low-income urban areas within cities.
Local leaders must also be held accountable for both infrastructural and economic development to ensure efficient allocation of public resources towards healthcare. Implementing a system of performance metrics and public accountability mechanisms such as frequent public reporting on resource allocation could help track the progress of local leaders in addressing urban disparities in SRHR. Furthermore, increased research into intra-urban disparities is essential to address intersectionalities within urban areas.
This research could investigate factors such as access to healthcare services, socioeconomic status, gender dynamics, and cultural norms to identify specific barriers to SRHR and inform targeted interventions. By adopting a comprehensive approach that integrates collaboration among stakeholders, accountability mechanisms for local leaders, and evidence-based research, urban areas can make significant strides in addressing disparities in SRHR and promoting the health and well-being of all residents.
Tamia Nuna is a youth advocate at NAYA Kenya
